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Battle of Nevel
The Battle of Nevel was fought during the Livonian War between the Kingdom of Poland and the Tsardom of Russia on August 19, 1562.
After Russian forces took Nevel, Polish forces undertook a pillaging raid into the new Russian-held territory. A bigger Russian detachment led by Andrey Kurbsky could not defeat the retreating Polish detachment under the command of Stanisław Leśniowolski.
Modern Polish researches estimating the number of Russians as 25,000.〔Marek Plewczyński, Wojny i wojskowość polska w XVI wieku Tom II. Lata 1548-1575, Zabrze-Tarnowskie Góry 2012, Infort Editions, p 159, ISBN 978-83-89943-82-8〕 According to the Russian military historian Alexander Filyushkin, this is practically a half of the overall Russian military forces of Ivan the Terrible.〔Филюшкин А. И. (Андрей Курбский ). — M.: Молодая гвардия, 2010〕 He considered the battle as neither a Russian victory nor a Russian defeat but just a missed chance to spontaneously punish the pillagers. He also considers that the battle was massively exaggerated for political reasons in the Polish-Lithuanian chronicles.〔Филюшкин А.И. (Мифология и реалии битвы под Невелем 1562г. ) // Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana/ Петербургские славянские и балканские исследования. 2012. № 1. С. 197-202〕 The Russian losses caused by a 1,500 men strong Lithuanian force grew to over 8,000〔(Kronika polska, Tom 2, Marcin Bielski )〕 while the overall strength of the Russian army was described as 40,000 people.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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